No one likes to have a cavity filled. Luckily, an alternative treatment could reduce the need for some small fillings.

In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a compound—a combination of two or more elements—called silver diamine fluoride (SDF). It kills harmful bacteria that cause tooth decay. These bacteria produce acids that can eat through the protective enamel coating on your teeth—creating a cavity. The substance can treat small cavities and prevent them from getting worse.

Dentists typically drill to remove the decay and then fill the cavity. “SDF is much easier,” says Richard Niederman, a professor at New York University College of Dentistry.  “You just paint it on teeth, which is great for kids.”