Forest Restorer

Grant Canary’s company helps replant forests destroyed by wildfires

MARK RALSTON/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES (CARR FIRE); MAST REFORESTATION (INSET)

DEADLY BLAZE: The Carr fire killed eight people in California in 2018.

GROWING BACK: A seedling planted at a restoration site

In 2022, wildfires burned more than 7.5 million acres of land across the United States. Last August, the deadliest blazes in the U.S. in more than a century tore through the Hawaiian island of Maui. Nearly a hundred people lost their lives when the wildfires ravaged the town of Lahaina.

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“Helping forests is an investment in the future.” —Grant Canary

n recent decades, the severity and frequency of wildfires have increased due to drought and higher temperatures brought on by climate change. As a result, forests are being destroyed faster than they can naturally regrow. Grant Canary is an environmental entrepreneur who wants to change that. He founded and is the chief executive officer of Mast Reforestation, a company based in Washington State. It focuses on replanting forests in ways that are sustainable, or possible to maintain over time.

To help burned forests bounce back, the company grows and plants tree seedlings that have been specifically cultivated, or grown, to survive wildfires. The goal is to reduce the amount of time it takes for forests to recover after a blaze and safeguard them against future devastation. “We’re trying to fight the worst effects of climate change,” says Canary. He spoke with Science World about his work helping forests make a comeback.

Where did you get the idea to start this company?

I had a high school teacher who helped me realize the importance of protecting the environment. I went on to study environmental policy in college and got a master’s degree in engineering. Early in my career, I worked on a reforestation project in the South American country of Colombia. I wanted to try similar work in the U.S. One of the biggest challenges is that it takes a lot of time and energy to access the remote places where new trees need to be planted. So in 2016, I founded a company to focus on planting trees.

How do you decide what types of trees to plant after a fire?

We use seeds collected from the wild. Since trees are adapted to live in certain regions, we choose seeds found in a similar geographic area as the burn site. They have natural defenses against threats found in the areas where they grow, such as fire, insects, and ice. We plant a variety of trees in our nurseries, each with some level of natural fire resistance. That means they’re more likely to survive future wildfires.

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FUTURE TREES: Canary (left) inspects seedlings at a greenhouse.

Why might your seedlings be more likely to survive in burned areas?

Our seedlings are adapted to dry, often harsh conditions. We’ve developed a way of cultivating seedlings that are hardier and more resilient to changing climate conditions. For one, these seedlings have bigger, stronger root systems. This can allow them to better obtain water from the soil. The enhanced root system can also help the seedlings develop thicker stems, where they can store more of the food that they produce through photosynthesis. All of these factors can help them thrive in their new location.

Additionally, the seedlings are transported and planted in a paper pot that protects them on the way to the site. The paper pot is planted along with the seedling, so we don’t have to disturb the roots during the planting process. The paper begins to biodegrade, or break down naturally, when seedlings are planted in soil.

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SEEDS OF CHANGE: Seeds at Mast Reforestation await planting.

From start to finish, what steps are involved in a reforestation project?

We use remote sensing data, such as images captured by aircraft and satellites, to help identify areas suitable for restoration. Then we transport seedlings from our nurseries and plant them by hand. A team of about 20 people, including managers, foresters, and planters, work at the site. After planting, we monitor the seedlings’ growth and plant additional ones if needed to restore the area.

What kind of impact do you hope your work has?

I would love for people to see forests not only as beautiful but also as important resources and sources of jobs. Helping forests regenerate after extreme wildfires and making them more resilient to climate change is an investment in the future.

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ON THE JOB: Planters from Mast Reforestation at a restoration site

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